Which of the following statements is true about gamma rays?

Gamma rays are indeed a form of high energy light, specifically a type of electromagnetic radiation. They are characterized by their very short wavelengths and high frequencies, which give them a significant amount of energy compared to other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, radio waves, and even X-rays. This high energy makes gamma rays capable of penetrating materials that other forms of radiation cannot, which is why they are often associated with nuclear reactions and certain types of radioactive decay.

The other statements are not accurate in describing gamma rays. For instance, gamma rays do not change atoms significantly; they can interact with atoms in a way that can lead to ionization or other effects, but they primarily travel through space without altering the structure of an atom. Additionally, gamma rays are neutral and do not carry a charge, so the idea that they have a negative charge is incorrect. Finally, unlike particles such as protons or electrons, gamma rays are not composed of particles in the traditional sense; they are waves of energy rather than physical particles.

Thus, the statement that gamma rays are a form of high energy light accurately captures their nature and significance in the field of physics and chemistry.