Which of the following represents the number of atoms in one mole?

The correct choice represents Avogadro's number, which is defined as the number of discrete entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance. This constant is approximately (6.022 \times 10^{23}). It is a fundamental principle in chemistry that allows scientists to relate the macroscopic scale of substances we can measure in the laboratory to the microscopic scale of atoms and molecules.

The significance of Avogadro's number lies in its ability to convert between the number of moles and the actual number of particles. For instance, if you have one mole of carbon atoms, it means you have (6.022 \times 10^{23}) carbon atoms, allowing for meaningful calculations regarding mass, volume, and concentration in chemical reactions and processes.

This concept is foundational for stoichiometry and provides a basis for understanding chemical quantities in both theoretical and practical applications in chemistry.