What is the primary behavior of nonmetals in relation to electrons?

Nonmetals primarily exhibit a tendency to gain electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of the nearest noble gas. This behavior is rooted in their positioning on the periodic table; nonmetals are located to the right, where elements have higher electronegativities. By gaining electrons, nonmetals can fill their valence shell, achieving a full outer electron level, which is energetically favorable and leads to more stability.

For example, elements like oxygen and chlorine readily gain electrons during chemical reactions, forming anions (negatively charged ions). This electron-gaining characteristic is fundamental in forming ionic bonds, where nonmetals bond with metals that lose electrons. Ultimately, this proclivity of nonmetals to gain electrons is a key factor in chemical reactivity and the formation of compounds.