In which state of matter do particles have the most energy?

In the gas state of matter, particles have the most energy compared to solids and liquids. In gases, particles are much farther apart and move freely and rapidly in all directions. This high kinetic energy allows gas particles to overcome the attractive forces between them, leading to a high degree of independence in movement.

In contrast, in solids, particles are closely packed together and vibrate in fixed positions, meaning they have lower energy. In liquids, the particles are still close together but can slide past one another, which gives them more energy than solids but still less than gases. At extremely low temperatures, a state known as Bose-Einstein condensate can occur, in which particles occupy the same quantum state, leading to unique properties. However, it typically represents a situation of low energy rather than high energy.

Therefore, the gas state is characterized by the most energetic particles, which is why it is the correct answer in this comparison.